What is MDA-19?

MDA-19 is becoming a very popular novel cannabinoid (synthetic cannabis) with 3 recent analogs coming to the illicit drug market. Those three analogs are 5F-BZO-POXIZID, BZO-POXIZID, & BZO-HEXOXIZID. They have funny names, but they will cause problems for criminal justice professionals soon. MDA-19 started out much like other drugs that have become a problem for us over the past years. Researchers were looking to make a cannabis like substance that could ease medical problems, but they found it did not meet their needs. Along comes reform in China that has made it more difficult to manufacture synthetic cannabinoids like JWH-018, so Chinese manufacturers dabbled in patent piracy. That’s where they dig into old patents that have been archived and steal the formula to make in China and ship to the United States and elsewhere.

There is some research that shows that it is effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain, however, it is not as effective as other drugs already on the market and are much safer. Researchers also found that MDA-19 failed to produce cannabis-like behavioral effects.

What are the Effects of Taking MDA-19?

MDA-19 is a drug that alters the way the brain operates. It may affect different parts of the brain in different ways. The dangers of MDA-19 are not yet clear, but the side effects are. Side effects may include anxiety, restlessness, nausea, vomiting, and other possible physical reactions. The long-term effects are still unknown because this drug has not been around for very long. However, you may see violent behavior, suicidal thoughts, and irritability. When I (and other Drug Recognition Experts) have evaluated people under the influence of synthetic cannabinoids, we have seen the following signs of influence:

• dilated pupils
• rapid pulse
• pupils that are slow to react to light
• elevated blood pressure
• sweating
• confusion
• uncontrollable movements
• problems with coordination
• Something akin to horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN). Although seen in only high doses, the eyes jerk during the administration of HGN, but it does not appear to be like actual HGN. It’s important to note that you should call what you see. If you see HGN, document that. If you see something that is akin to it, but isn’t actually HGN, document that as well. 

If you have a DUI case involving this drug, it is important to call the drug category that you see, not one designed for the drug you think it is. 

How to Handle/De-Escalate a Person High on MDA-19

Dealing with people under the influence of a synthetic cannabinoid can be dangerous to both the officer and the suspect. When encountering a person high, maintain a safe distance and speak in a calm voice. Avoid shining flashlights or spotlights into the person’s eyes. Give clear directions and make sure that you have enough officers on scene to handle him if he becomes combative. Time, distance and a calm demeanor go a long way into avoiding conflict. People on drugs do not perceive the world as we see it. Your voice can sound faster to them, or at a higher pitch. This can cause alarm for them, so speaking slowly and calmly can ease some of those effects. If force must be used, use it swiftly and with purpose. Batons usually have minimal effect, however modern Tasers can be very useful if used appropriately.

When I write about new drugs like these, you can usually count on them becoming very problematic within the next year or two. It is good to keep track of these drugs so that when you encounter them on the street, you have some idea of what it is and what to expect. As always, stay safe.